马克思与虚无主义批判:一种历史性的实践方案

Marx and the Criticism of Nihilism: A Historical Practical Way

马克思思想为虚无主义批判提供了重要资源。从思想发展的阶段性看,马克思的虚无主义批判在不同时期表现为不同的话语模式;从思想发展的整体性看,马克思提供了一种克服虚无主义的历史性实践方案。其意义有三点。第一,马克思从经济制度层面揭示了虚无主义的深层根源。虚无主义的真正秘密不在精神史中,而在现实的物质生产关系中。资本逻辑是虚无主义产生的根本原因,资本主义是虚无主义的制度屏障。对虚无主义的反思和克服,是理论问题,更是实践问题。第二,马克思将虚无主义理解为历史性产物。虚无主义与克服虚无主义是历史性地交织在一起的。由此,克服虚无主义拥有了历史性的实践空间。第三,马克思将自我及其价值建构奠定于社会历史性的劳动实践基础之上,这使克服虚无主义成为切实的历史性实践活动。

Marx’s thought reflects the criticism and the overcoming of nihilism from historical materialism. In the different stages of thought development, Marx criticizes nihilism in personal forms of discourse. On the whole, Marx offers us a historical practical way to overcome nihilism. His contributions to the criticism of nihilism may be summed up as the following three aspects: first, Marx reveals the deep root of nihilism at the level of economic system.The real secret of nihilism doesn’t hide in the history of the spirit;but in the actual relations of material production. Capital logic is the root cause of nihilism;Capitalism is the institutional barrier of nihilism.Thus, the overcoming of nihilism is not only a theoretical problem, but also a practical work. Secondly, Marx sees nihilism as a historical product. Nihilism and the overcoming of nihilism historically intertwines together.From this, Overcoming nihilism has historical practical space. Lastly, the self and its value construction lie on the basis of the social practice in history for Marx. Therefrom, the overcoming of nihilism is no longer limited to the aesthetic redemption in the spiritual and cultural area, and becomes an actual historical practice activity.