20世纪西方文论的缘起、发展和转型

The Genesis, Evolution and Transformation of Twentieth-Century Literary Theory

20世纪西方文学理论,是从偏离作者中心开始的。在其发展过程中,至少出现了两种倾向:一是围绕对文学作品的解读,出现了意义从作者到文本再到读者的转移过程;二是以文学研究为平台,在文化研究的号召下,走向对社会和政治问题的关注,从而建立了"没有文学的文学理论",使"文学理论"研究变成"理论"研究。到了世纪之交,"理论"破产,"理论之后"时代来临。在"后理论"时代,理论向文学回归,只有回到对文学活动和实践的研究,才是文学理论的出路。

In the West, twentieth-century literary theory started with the deviation from author-centered approaches. Over the course of its evolution, there have been at least two major trends. First, the interpretation of literary works underwent a transfer of meaning from the author to the text and the reader. Second, on the basis of their study of literature, literary theorists shifted their attention to social and political issues under the influence of "cultural studies", and went so far as to construct a"literary theory without literature", which transformed the study of "literary theory" into that of "theory" alone. At the turn of the century, there began the era of "after theory" with the collapse of "theory". In the present article, I argue that the future of literary theory lies in the research on literary practice.