窥视与劝诫:笛福的文学生产实践

Peeping and Moralizing: Daniel Defoe’s Practices of Literary Production

笛福的《摩尔·弗兰德斯》与《罗克珊娜》是文学生产的成品,是从作者-作品-读者线性创作逻辑向作者-作品、作者-读者双向建构逻辑转变的范例,是窥视与劝诫融合的实践。本论文通过对笛福的两部小说的文本解读,意在论证,以笛福为代表的18世纪英国小说先驱们秉承揭示个人主体性与社会公共性互为建构的原则,通过窥视与劝诫的创作形式成就了早期文学生产实践。这为后期马克思、马舍雷、伊格尔顿逐步发展起来的文学生产理论奠定了基础。马克思的辩证唯物论文学观在18世纪英国小说中得以印证。

As early practices of literary production, Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders and Roxana integrated peeping with moralizing, exemplifying the transformation from the linear logic of author-work-reader to the bidirectional logic of author-work and author-reader. Through textual analyses of Moll Flanders and Roxana, this article argues that forerunners of eighteenth-century English novelists represented by Defoe were engaged in literary production in the spirit of exposing the interactive construction of personal subjectivity and social publicness. With peeping and moralizing as creative forms, their works laid foundation for the theory of literary production gradually developed by Karl Marx, Pierre Macherey, and Terry Eagleton, which provided evidence for Marx’s literary concept of dialectical materialism as well.