诺贝尔文学奖与制造世界文学

Nobel Prize for Literature and the Making of World Literature

诺贝尔文学奖在经典化当代文学作品的同时,也为文学批评制造了一套诗学标准。这给如何合理地评价获奖作家及其作品制造了种种障碍。本文讨论的诺贝尔文学奖现象、诺贝尔文学奖对泰戈尔的评价、世界批评术语等案例,皆是为了证明某种不平等性或伪普遍性的存在。当下世界文学的世界,是由国际市场决定的,是"一个但不平等"的世界体系,主要的评价标准仍是以西方标准为主。世界文学的研究者必须注意到这种不平等性,并警惕诺奖委员会创造的诗学标准及其背后的种种"伪普遍性"。

The Nobel Prize, while canonizing contemporary literary works, also establishes a set of standards for literary criticism, thus creating obstacles for properly evaluating prize-winners and their works. Through an analysis of the phenomenon of the Nobel Prize in Literature, the Committee’s evaluation of Rabindranath Tagore, and its world literature criticism terms, the paper concludes that there are evidences to prove the inequality and pseudo-universality in world literature. World literature at the present time is a "one but unequal" system determined by global market where the main evaluation criteria are primarily based on western standards. Therefore, scholars of world literature should be wary of the inequality and "pseudo-universality" behind the standards.