从创作到制作:网络新媒体视域下文学生产方式转型

From Original Creation to Manufactured Production: Transformation of Literary Production in the Age of Internet-Based New Media

以原创文学网站和自媒体为平台的网络文学活动催生了新的文学生产机制,在文学生产方式上实现从创作到制作的根本性转变:作家的写作重心从写"我"到为"分众"的审美趣味而写,以满足网络时代文学消费需要;在写作模式上,从适应类型化模式化写作到超越模式化,以抵御机器人写作带来的挑战;资本力量推动文学产业化,在文学体量上,要求从文学小作坊转变为大规模批量化文学生产,文学生产者用团队写作来替代个体知识累积所需要的时间资本。这些转变将推动文学范式的根本性转型,也将塑造一种新的文学生活:作家个性消解、"作者死了"或成为现实,文学的"灵韵"如何在转型中延续、保存,是新媒体革命中文学面临的新问题。

Internet literary activities on various website platforms for original literature and We-media accounts have brought about new mechanism of literary production. Fundamental changes take place in literary production from "original creation" to "manufactured production": the shift of the focal concern of writers from expressing "the self" to catering to the taste of "the divided audience", the shift from a formulaic adaptive mode of writing to trans-formulaic writing to cope with the impact of A.I writing, and the formation of literary production groups to offset the pressure inserted by capital on the scale of literary production to require a shift from small workshop production to mass production. These changes will contribute to a fundamental transformation in the literary paradigm, and also reshape the literary field, in which the dissolution of the individuality of writers, or rather, the death of the author will be a fact. How to preserve the "aura" of literature in the transition is a new literary issue in the new media revolution.