基于拉线位移传感器的三维空间动态位移测量

Based on Cable Displacement Sensors Dynamic Displacement Measurement in Space

针对目前三维空间位移测量设备价格昂贵、精度不高、系统复杂等问题,设计了基于三只拉线位移传感器的测量方法及系统。测量方法依据三球交会定位原理,以拉线位移传感器出线点为球心、拉线伸出长度为半径画球,最终三球将交于两点,列出方程并利用MATLAB进行方程组的解算;将3个传感器出线点置于三维空间坐标的X,Y,Z轴线上,能大大减少方程组计算量,提高了运算效率;解算出的数据结合Origin数字滤波、平滑曲线、去零位等处理,最终转化为被测物体在空间三维坐标内的相对位移变化量。测试结果表明:此测量方法操作简单直观,价格低廉,在0~100 mm范围内,误差小于2 mm,较好地解决了测量物体在空间中的位移变化量。

Aiming at the problems of high cost,low precision and complex system of three-dimensional space displacement measuring equipment,a measuring method and a system based on three cable displacement sensors are designed. The measuring method is based on the principle of the three ball intersection and takes the outlet point of the line displacement sensor as the center of the sphere and the length of the stretched line as the radius to draw the ball. Finally,the three balls are handed over to two points. The equations are listed and these are solved by MATLAB. Placing three sensors on the X,Y and Z axes of 3 D spatial coordinates,it can greatly reduce the computation cost of the equations and improve the computing efficiency. The calculated data are combined with Origin digital filtering,smoothing curve,zero removal and other processing,and eventually transformed into the relative displacement variation of the measured object in the three-dimensional space coordinates. The test results show that the measurement method is simple,intuitive,and the price is low. In the range of 0~100 mm,the error is less than 2 mm,which better solves the displacement variation of the measured object in space.