中国海洋经略的演进

The Evolution of China's Ocean Strategy

古代中国“重陆轻海”乃因农耕经济、陆地边防压力、朝贡体系及传统“和合”文化观念的综合影响;近代中国“以海卫国”则是发展海洋经济、完善海防体系的必要性以及西方海洋思想冲击的结果;当代中国“陆海统筹”战略的生成则是基于当前我国经济结构转型、坚持总体国家安全观以及人类命运共同体构建的三大需要。中国海洋经略从目的上呈现由“趋利为主”向“避害为主”再向“趋利避害”演进的特征;从内容上呈现由“注重海洋安全”向“注重国家安全”再向“统筹国家安全与海洋发展”演进的特征;从形式上呈现由“浅显认知”向“初步探索”再向“系统部署”演进的特征。

Ancient China's“emphasizing the land and scorning the sea”is due to the comprehensive influence of agricultural economy,border defense pressure of land,tribute system and traditional cultural concept of“harmony”.Modern China's“defending the country by the sea”is the result of the necessity of developing marine economy,perfecting the coast defense system and the impact of western marine thought.The formation of contemporary China's strategy of“coordinating the land and the sea”is based on the three needs of current transformation of China's economic structure,adherence to the overall view of national security,and construction of community of shared future for mankind.China's ocean strategy shows the following evolution characteristics.Its objective evolves from“drawing on the advantages mainly”to“avoiding the disadvantages mainly”and then to“drawing on the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages”.Its content evolves from“emphasizing the marine security”to“emphasizing the national security”and then to“coordinating the national security and marine development”.Its form evolves from“superficial cognition”to“preliminary exploration”and then to“systematic deployment”.