地方节日的历史记忆与仪式表征——以广南壮族皇姑节为例

Historical Memory and Ritual Representation of Local Festivals:A Case Study of Huanggu Festival of the Zhuang in Guangnan

皇姑信仰及其皇姑节是云南文山广南壮族社会中十分重要的民间信仰和地方节日,其崇拜和祭祀的对象皇姑是南明永历帝朱由榔的胞妹安化郡主。当地壮族群众通过每年举行隆重的接皇姑仪式活动,以实现祈求皇姑庇护壮族村寨风调雨顺、五谷丰登、和谐安宁的美好愿景。近年来,政府主导下的皇姑节"非遗化"传承和仪式展演,成为民族文化再生产的内在动力和表征其集体记忆的文化实践。皇姑信仰及其皇姑节不仅承载着广南壮族的历史记忆和文化记忆,蕴含着广南壮族追求平安幸福的心理诉求,而且还强化着广南壮族的地方认同,在壮族地方社会中具有多重文化意蕴与社会功能,对传承民族文化和乡村振兴起到了积极作用。

The worship of Huanggu and the Huanggu Festival are respectively a very important folk belief and a local festival for the Zhuang people living in Guangnan County,Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province.Huanggu as the object of worship and sacrifice is Princess Anhua,a sister of Emperor Zhu Youlang in the Yongli Period of the Southern Ming dynasty.The local Zhuang people hold a grand ceremony for the reception of the Princess every year to pray to her for good weather,abundant grains,harmony,and peace for the Zhuang villages.In recent years,inheritance and ritual demonstration of the Huanggu Festival as an intangible cultural heritage under the leadership of the government have become an internal driving force for the reproduction and cultural presentation of this ethnic culture to characterize the collective memory of the local people.The belief and festivity bear a memory on the history and culture of the Zhuang of Guangnan,contain their psychological demands for peace and happiness,strengthen their local identity,have rich cultural connotations and social functions in the Zhuang communities,and play a positive role in inheriting the ethnic culture and revitalizing the rural communities.