竞争中性原则的政策应用

Policy Applications of the Principle of Competition Neutrality

理想的竞争中性原则,追求公平竞争与经济效率的双赢目标。每个国家都有立足自身国情,构建相适宜的政策目标和施予必要的自由裁量权的政策空间。从竞争中性原则的制度化实践历程看,其制度特性比较复杂,具有跨层次性和多面相性的特点,可以作为国家竞争政策组成部分存在,也可以作为不同国家之间经贸规则存在,还可以作为国有企业公司治理原则存在。当前,我国正在政策层面引入竞争中性原则,这种变化发生在中美贸易冲突的背景之下,既有加快改革开放的内在需要,又有应对来自外部的制度变革压力的现实考虑。

The ideal principle of competition neutrality, the pursuit of the win-win goal of fair competition,and economic efficiency. Each country has the policy space to construct appropriate policy objectives and exer-cise the necessary discretion based on its own national circumstances. From the institutionalized practice ofthe principle of competition neutrality, its institutional traits are relatively complex, with cross-layered andmulti-faceted characteristics, which can exist as a component of national competition policy, as well as eco-nomic and trade rules between different countries, and as the principle of corporate governance of state-ownedenterprises. At present, China is introducing the principle of competition neutrality at the policy level, and thischange is taking place in the context of the trade conflict between China and the United States, both due to theinherent need to speed up reform and opening up and the practical consideration of responding to pressure forinstitutional change from outside.