湿地小气候效应特征研究

Characteristics of Micro Climate Effects of Wetlands

湿地对局地小气候具有调节作用,研究湿地小气候效应特征能更具体地了解湿地对局地小气候的影响。本文以河北省衡水市的衡水湖为例,利用衡水市11个常规气象观测站数据,通过对湖区及湖区外各季节不同气象要素的对比,对衡水湖各个季节的小气候效应进行了分析。结果表明:(1)衡水湖具有冷岛效应、湿岛效应和风岛效应,能够调节周围的气候特征;(2)衡水湖的小气候效应具有季节特征,衡水湖各季节平均的冷岛效应由强到弱依次为春季、冬季、秋季、夏季,湿岛效应由强到弱分别为夏季、春季、秋季、冬季,风岛效应由强到弱依次为春季、夏季、冬季、秋季,春季小气候效应最强;(3)衡水湖的小气候效应具有昼夜特征,夜晚的冷岛效应强于白天,湿岛和风岛效应正相反,白天的强度大于夜晚。

Wetlands play important roles regulating the local microclimate.Studying the characteristics of wetland microclimate effects can help to specifically understand the impact of the wetlands on the local microclimate.In this study,we chose Hengshui Lake in Hengshui City,Hebei Province,as the study area and analyzed the microclimate effects of Hengshui Lake during different seasons by comparing the meteorological elements inside and outside the lake.The data came from 11 conventional meteorological stations in Hengshui City.The results show that:(1)Hengshui Lake has a remarkable cold island effect,wet island effect,and a wind island effect,which modify the surrounding climate characteristics.(2)The microclimate effect of Hengshui Lake has an obvious seasonal characteristic.The order of the average cold island effect during the four seasons is spring>winter>autumn>summer;the order of the wet island effect is summer>spring>autumn>winter;and the order of the wind island effect is spring>summer>winter>autumn.The microclimate effect is intense in spring.(3)Hengshui Lake shows an obvious circadian rhythm in its microclimate effect.The cold island effect is stronger at night than during the day,while the wet island and wind island effects are stronger during the day than at night.