《聊斋志异》借鉴《世说新语》四题

On Pu Songling’s Reference to Shi Shuo Xin Yu in Liao Zhai Zhi Yi

蒲松龄创作《聊斋志异》转益多师,作者善于从古代典籍乃至前人诗文中取资,借鉴有关语词、句式、典故并有意点缀于情节展开或人物对话乃至"异史氏曰"的相关评论中,这对于烘托小说情韵、营造某种意境不可或缺,并增加了小说文言修辞、叙事的典雅之趣。南朝宋刘义庆的志人小说《世说新语》,凸显魏晋风流诸多韵致,其文学书写为蒲松龄所喜好并效法,无论略貌取神、借意相发,还是使事用典、炼字取词,都体现了《聊斋志异》借鉴《世说新语》的独到之处。将之略加分类并条分缕析,对于今人探讨蒲松龄小说创作方法与构思过程皆大有助益。

In writing Liao Zhai Zhi Yi, Pu Songling learned a lot from the ancient classics, the poems and articles of his predecessors. He not only drew materials from them, but also used their words, sentences and allusions in plot development, dialogues and even "Yishishi comments". This is not only indispensable for setting off the charm of the novel and creating a certain artistic conception, but also adds the rhetoric and narrative elegance of classic Chinese. Pu Songling liked and imitated the literary writing of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, a novel written by Liu Yiqing in Song(420AD-479AD) of Southern Dynasties(420AD-589AD),which highlights the charming life style of the celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties. He referred toit in four aspects: learning its spirit instead of form, borrowing the meaning of its expressions, using its allusions, borrowing its words. This shows Pu Songling’s originality and uniqueness. Classifying and analyzing these aspects is of great help to discuss Pu Songling’s creation method and conception process.