葡萄园土壤酸化治理研究进展

Research progress of vineyard soil acidification control

长期不合理施肥可使土壤酸化,导致土壤养分不平衡和肥力降低,从而影响葡萄的生长发育和产量与品质。本文对葡萄园土壤的酸化过程及土壤酸化对葡萄的危害进行了论述,并对改良剂石灰、白云石粉、牡蛎壳粉、草木灰、腐殖酸的使用效果进行简单介绍。石灰和白云石粉虽然能提高土壤pH,但使用石灰后土壤很容易出现复酸现象,而白云石粉则容易将土壤中的铝离子交换出来;牡蛎壳粉、草木灰、腐殖酸对改善酸性土壤的效果相对较好。作者提出将冬季修剪得到的枝条制成生物炭和草木灰再施入土壤,可实现葡萄园的生态循环,同时选择抗酸砧木也是今后重点研究方向。

Long-term unreasonable fertilization can make the soil acidified,resulting nutrient imbalance and fertility decreased of soil,thus affecting the growth,development,yield and quality of grape.In this paper,the acidification process of vineyard soil and the harm of soil acidification to grape were discussed,and the effects of using modifier lime,dolomite powder,oyster shell powder,plant ash and humic acid were briefly introduced.Although lime and dolomite powder could improve the soil pH,it is easy to appear polyacid phenomenon in the soil after using lime,while dolomite powder could easily exchange aluminum ions in the soil;oyster shell powder,vegetation ash,humic acid have relatively good effect on improving acid soil.The authers proposed that the ecological cycle of vineyards ould be realized by applying the winter pruning branches to the soil,and the selection of acid-resistant rootstocks was also the key direction in the future.