我国流动人口就业特征及分性别异质性研究

A Study on the Employment Characteristics and Gender Heterogeneity of Floating Population in China

运用2015-2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据,对我国流动人口的就业状况及分性别异质性进行分析。结果表明,流动人口就业主要集中在各类服务业、批发零售及制造业中,就业身份绝大部分是雇员和自营劳动者,就业单位性质以个体工商户和私营企业为主。进一步分析不同行业或职业男女两性的就业异质性发现,不同行业或职业男女就业比例有较大差异,而这些差异有的源于男女两性各自优势不同,有的则是由于社会偏见形成的。缩小男女两性就业差距,需要通过立法反性别就业歧视,提高女性受教育水平,同时进一步完善女性生育保障制度。

This paper analyzes the employment status of China’s floating population and sex-specific employment by using the dynamic monitoring data of floating population in China from 2015 to 2017.The results show that the employment of the floating population is mainly concentrated in the service industry,wholesale and retail trade and manufacturing industry.The employment status is mostly employees and self-employed workers.The nature of the employment units is mainly self-employed businesses and private enterprises.Further analysis of the employment situation of women and men in different industries or occupations reveals that there are significant differences in the employment ratios between the male and female in different industries or occupations.Some of these differences are due to differences in the respective advantages of women and men,others are the result of social prejudice.To reduce the employment gap between men and women,it is necessary to adopt legislation against gender discrimination in employment,to improve women education level,and to further improve the maternity security system for women.