补齐医疗废物和危险废物收集处理短板的思考和建议

Suggestions on Making Up for Shortcomings in Collection and Treatment of Medical Waste and Hazardous Waste

为推动落实中共中央政治局会议提出的“加快补齐医疗废物、危险废物收集处理设施方面短板”有关指示精神,推进危险废物环境管理领域治理体系和治理能力现代化,结合全国医疗废物、危险废物环境管理情况以及新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间医疗废物应急处置情况,通过数据分析和政策文件系统梳理,识别出医疗废物、危险废物收集处置短板,并提出相应的对策建议.结果表明,目前仍存在医疗废物收集处置和管理有待加强、医疗废物应急处置能力薄弱、危险废物利用处置能力不匹配不均衡、集中处置区域合作和跨省(区、市)协同有待探索、处置产业有待升级发展等问题.建议编制实施全国医疗废物和危险废物收集处理设施建设规划,提升医疗废物环境管理和应急响应能力,提升医疗废物、危险废物调查评估和监管信息化能力,统筹建立健全多层次的危险废物处置设施体系,推动利用处置技术优化升级,通过加强顶层设计,聚焦重点领域,推进医疗废物危险废物补短板工作.

The purpose of this study is to promote the implementation of the instruction spirit of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau meeting to‘accelerate efforts to make up for the shortcomings in the collection and treatment of medical waste and hazardous waste facilities’,modernize the governance system and governance capabilities in the field of hazardous waste environmental management.On the basis of analysis of the national medical waste and hazardous waste environment management situation and emergency treatment of medical waste during the prevention and control of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),the shortcomings in the collection and disposal of medical waste and hazardous waste were identified by data analysis and sorting out policy documents,and corresponding countermeasures were proposed.The results show that the collection and disposal system of medical waste needs to be strengthened,the emergency treatment capacity of medical waste is weak,the utilization and disposal capabilities of hazardous waste are not matched,the regional cooperation for centralized disposal and inter-provincial coordination needs to be strengthened,and the disposal industry needs to be upgraded and developed.It is recommended to work from follow aspects,including implementing a national plan for the construction of collection and disposal facilities of medical and hazardous waste,improving the environmental management and emergency response capabilities of medical waste,enhancing the informatization capability of supervision,establishing a multi-level disposal facilities system and upgrading utilization and disposal technologies of hazardous waste and medical waste,and making up for the shortcomings in collection and disposal of medical waste and hazardous waste by strengthening the top-level design and focusing on key areas.