菌渣中青霉素对蔬菜种子萌发的生态毒性效应

Ecotoxicity of Penicillin in Mycelial Residues on Germination of Vegetable Seeds

为推动青霉素菌渣环境安全利用技术规范的建立,以油麦菜、油菜、白菜和生菜4种蔬菜为研究对象,以种子发芽率、幼苗鲜质量、芽长和根长为毒性敏感指标,研究了不同处理组〔ρ(PG)分别为10、100、200、400、800、1200、1600、2000、2400、3200和4000 mg L〕和对照组的青霉素(Penicillin,简称“PG”)对4种蔬菜种子萌发的生态毒性响应关系.结果表明:①与对照组相比,各处理组4种蔬菜种子发芽率之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);当ρ(PG)≥1200 mg L时,油菜种子的芽长增长率在60%左右,且与对照组相比具有显著差异(P<0.05);在ρ(PG)为200 mg L时,生菜鲜质量达到最大值(0.29 g),较对照组增加了10.37%,白菜鲜质量在ρ(PG)为400 mg L时达到最大值,较对照组增加了5.76%,而在试验浓度范围内,各处理组4种蔬菜种子的根长均随着ρ(PG)的增大表现出逐渐增强的抑制作用.②PG对4种蔬菜的根长抑制率剂量-效应关系均符合Allometric模型,即y=ax b〔其中,x为ρ(PG),y为根长抑制率,a和b均为常数〕.③油麦菜、油菜、白菜和生菜4种蔬菜对PG的根长半抑制浓度(IC 50)分别为1675.11、995.67、3736.40和2510.24 mg L,4种蔬菜根长抑制率对PG的敏感程度表现为油菜>油麦菜>生菜>白菜(P<0.05).研究显示,与油麦菜、白菜和生菜相比,油菜更适合作为PG的生态毒性指示植物.

Four kinds of vegetable including leaf lettuce,rape,pakchoi and lettuce were selected,the germination rate of seeds,the fresh weight of seedlings,shoot length and root length were used as the toxicity sensitive indicators,and the ecotoxicity response of penicillin(PG)between different treatment groups(10,100,200,400,800,1200,1600,2000,2400,3200 and 4000 mg L)and the control group to the germination of four vegetable seeds was studied to promote the establishment of technical specifications for the environmentally safe use of penicillin mycelial residues.The results showed that:(1)There was no significant difference in the germination rate of four vegetable seeds in the treatment group compared with in the control group(P>0.05);when the concentration of penicillin was higher than 1200 mg L,the growth rate of shoot length of Rape seed was around 60%and there was a very significant difference compared with in the control group(P<0.05);when the concentration of penicillin was 200 mg L,the fresh weight of lettuce reached a maximum of 0.29 g,which increase 10.37%compared to in the control group,and pakchoi fresh weight reached a peak when the concentration of penicillin was 400 mg L,an increase of 5.76%compared to in the control group.With the increase of penicillin concentration in the experimental concentration range,the root length inhibition rate in the treatment group increased.(2)The dose-response relationship between penicillin and the inhibition rate of root length of four vegetables was in accordance with the Allometric model:y=ax b(where x isρ(PG),y is the root length inhibition rate,a and b are constants).(3)The half inhibitory concentration(IC 50)of penicillin on the root length of leaf lettuce,rape,pakchoi and lettuce were 1675.11,995.67,3736.40,and 2510.24 mg L,respectively,and the sensitivity of the root length inhibition rates of four kinds vegetable to penicillin was rape,leaf lettuce,lettuce,pakchoi in turn(P<0.05).This study showed that rape was more suitable as an indicator plant of penicillin ecotoxicity compared with leaf lettuce,pakchoi and lettuce.