农业转型背景下的资本下乡与村庄自主性——基于城郊村的个案分析

Capital going to the countryside and village autonomy under the background ofagricultural transformation: a case study of a suburban village

乡村振兴背景下,国家惠农政策力度加强,资本向农村聚集。通过城郊村的个案考察,发现城镇化过程中城郊村面临农业转型的现实背景,主要涉及小农生产转型与农业治理转型。其中小农生产转型使得农民生产脱离土地,农业治理转型激发地方政府的发展需求,为资本下乡流转土地和发展产业奠定现实基础。在乡村旅游发展前景和政策倾斜带来的经济利益驱动,下资本下乡,其创业初期投入的资本量有限,一方面降低了经营风险,与适度规模经营相匹配;另一方面以个体和小微企业为主的资本的议价权较小,村集体在村庄发展中保持自主性。地方政府、村集体与资本共同促进农旅融合发展,带动村庄集体经济发展,进而增加小农家庭经济收入,实现共赢。

Under the background of rural revitalization,the state has strengthened the policy of benefiting farmers,and capital has gathered in the agricultural sector.Through the case study of the suburban villages,it found that during urbanization,the suburban villages are facing the agricultural transformation which involves small farmer production transformation and agricultural governance transformation.Among them,the transformation of small-scale farmers'production realizes the separation of farmers'production from land,the transformation of agricultural governance stimulates the development needs of local governments,both of whichlay a realistic foundation for the transfer of capital to the countryside and the development of industries.Driven by the economic benefits brought by the development of rural tourism and the economic benefits of policy tilts,the capital went to the countryside,and the amount of capital invested in the initial stage of entrepreneurship was limited,which reduced the operational risk and matched the modest scale operation.More importantly,the bargaining power of capital,mainly individual and small and micro enterprises,is small,and the village collective maintains autonomy in the development of the village.Local governments,village collectives and capital jointly promote the integration of farming and tourism,drive village collective economic development,increase the economic income of small farmers and achieve a win-win situation.