基于文献计量学的生计脆弱性知识基础、研究热点与趋势

Knowledge domain,research hotspots and trends of livelihood vulnerability based on bibliometrics

科学进步本质上是一个动态和累积的过程,对特定研究领域的任何贡献都必须建立在先前的理论、方法和研究成果之上。本文基于文献计量学可视化工具CiteSpace、VOSviewer和Hiscite,刻画了1990-2019年生计脆弱性研究领域的科学知识图谱。结果表明:研究自2005年以来受到了国际学者的广泛关注,发文数量显著增加。虽然发文期刊和机构的空间分布较分散,但该领域合作的作者群和机构群已形成稳定的规模,且美国、英国和澳大利亚已形成一定的集中优势。目前生计脆弱性领域的研究热点主要围绕气候变化脆弱性、社会生态系统脆弱性以及重点地区和特殊群体的脆弱性3个主题。Adger、Chambers、Ellis、Scoones和Smit等学者及其代表作是生计脆弱性研究的知识基础。生计脆弱性的研究前沿从围绕不同类型冲击或压力对生计的影响研究转向对围绕自然和社会生态系统的动态性和多尺度的研究,以及对不确定性风险的适应与管理等交叉性和综合性的研究方向发展。该结果可为生计脆弱性领域的研究人员提供快速有效的理论基础定位,以及作为提出新问题和新观点的参考源。

Scientific progress is essentially a dynamic and cumulative process,and any contribution to a particular research area must be based on previous theories,methods,and research results.Based on the bibliometrics visualization tools CiteSpace,VOSViewer,and Hiscite,this article identifies the scientific knowledge map in the field of livelihood vulnerability research from 1990 to 2019.The results show that the research on livelihood vulnerability has attracted wide attention from international scholars since 2005,and the number of published articles has increased significantly.Although the spatial distribution of journals and institutions issuing articles is relatively scattered,the author group and institution group cooperating in this field have formed a stable scale,and the United States,the United Kingdom and Australia have formed a certain concentration advantage.The current research hotspots in the field of livelihood vulnerability mainly focus on the three themes of climate change vulnerability,social ecosystem vulnerability,and key regions and special groups.Scholars such as Adger,Chambers,Ellis,Scoones and Smit and their masterpieces are the knowledge base of the research on livelihood vulnerability.The research frontiers of livelihood vulnerability have changed from the research on the impact of different types of shocks or stress on livelihoods to the dynamic and multi-scale research directions around natural and social ecosystems,and cross-cutting and comprehensive research on the adaptation and management of uncertain risks.This result provides researchers in the field of livelihood vulnerability with fast and effective theoretical foundation positioning,and as a reference source for raising new questions and new ideas.