不同年龄系统性红斑狼疮女性患者的焦虑、抑郁及应对方式调查

Anxiety, depression and coping style of women with systemic lupus erythematosus of different ages

目的调查及探讨不同年龄系统性红斑狼疮女性患者的焦虑、抑郁和应对方式特点。方法选取2017年6月至2019年12月在中南大学湘雅医院风湿免疫科就诊的164例系统性红斑狼疮女性患者为实验组,选取同期在体检中心体检的健康女性164例为对照组。使用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对实验组和对照组进行调查,比较两组得分情况;使用应付方式问卷(CSQ)对实验组进行调查,分析不同年龄患者的应对方式特点。结果实验组患者的SAS和SDS得分明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。低龄组(<30岁)的SAS得分明显高于高龄组(≥30岁)(P<0.01);在CSQ得分中,低龄组的求助、幻想和退避应付因子得分明显高于高龄组(P<0.05),而高龄组的自责和解决问题应付因子得分明显高于低龄组(P<0.05)。低龄组的SAS得分与退避因子得分呈正相关,与求助因子得分呈负相关(P<0.05);SDS得分与幻想、退避因子得分呈正相关,与求助得分成负相关(P<0.05)。高龄组的SAS得分与解决问题因子得分呈负相关(P<0.05);SDS得分与自责因子得分呈正相关,与解决问题因子得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论对不同年龄系统性红白狼疮女性患者的心理护理应该有所侧重:对于年轻的患者应该阻止她们采取退避、幻想的消极应对方式、鼓励她们更多地采取解决问题和求助的积极应对方式,这有利于缓解焦虑和抑郁情绪;对于年龄较大的患者应该重点防范患者自责导致严重抑郁。

【Objective】 To investigate the characteristics of anxiety, depression and coping style in women with systemic lupus erythematosus of different ages.【Methods】From June 2017 to December 2019, 164 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE), who were treated in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, were selected as the subjects for questionnaire survey and analysis. The questionnaire includes Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ), Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).【Results】The scores of SAS and SDS of the women with SLE were significantly higher than those of the healthy women in the contrast group(P<0.01). In the low age group(<30 years old), the scores of SAS and SDS were positively correlated with retreat factors, negatively correlated with help seeking factors. In addition, their scores of SDS were positively correlated with fantasy factors. In the high age group(≥30), the scores of SAS and SDS were negatively correlated with problem-solving factors, and the scores of SDS were positively correlated with self-blame factors.【Conclusion】The psychological nursing of women with SLE should be chosen wisely according to their ages: for young patients, they should be discouraged to adopt the negative coping style of retreat and fantasy, and encouraged to adopt the positive coping style of solving problems and asking for help, which is beneficial to relieve anxiety and depression. For the older patients, we should focus on preventing patients from self-blame, which could lead to severe depression.