4种天然植物提取物的活性成分及其生物活性比较

Comparison of the active components and biological activities of the extracts from the four natural plant extracts

分析了翻白草提取物、绞股蓝提取物、桑白皮提取物和吴茱萸乙醇提取物的化学成分,抗氧化和酶抑制活性。在所有抗氧化体系测定中,包括DPPH、ABTS、FRAP、磷钼酸盐总抗氧化测定中,发现翻白草提取物具有比维生素E还高的抗氧化剂活性。在酶抑制活性测定中,桑白皮提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶、酪氨酸酶抑制效果均好于阳性对照品,其IC50值分别为(24.75±2.56)μg·mL^-1、(8.00±0.63)μg·mL^-1;吴茱萸提取物对胆碱酶的抑制效果最强,其IC50值为(0.184±0.047)mg·mL^-1(乙酰胆碱酯酶)、(0.049±0.009)mg·mL^-1(丁酰胆碱酯酶)。在桑白皮和翻白草提取物中分别发现了最高含量的类黄酮((172.65±1.88)mg·g^-1)、缩合单宁((149.10±2.37)mg·g^-1)。结果表明翻白草可能是抗氧化剂的潜在天然来源,桑白皮是α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的优质天然资源。

The extracts from Potentilla discolor Bge,Gynostemma pentaphyllum,Morus alba L.and Evodia rutaecarpa were analyzed for their chemical composition,antioxidative and enzyme inhibition activities.The extract of Potentilla discolor Bge was found to had higher antioxidant activity than vitamin E in all antioxidant assays,including DPPH,FRAP,ABTS and phosphomolybdate assays.In enzyme inhibition activity assay,the inhibitory effect of the extract of Morus alba L onα-glucosidase and tyrosinase were better than that of the positive control,and the IC50 values were(24.75±2.56)μg·mL^-1 and(8.00±0.63)μg·mL^-1,respectively.The extract of Evodia rutaecarpa exerted the highest cholinesterase inhibitory activities,and the IC50 values were(0.184±0.047)mg·mL^-1(acetylcholinesterase)and(0.049±0.009)mg·mL^-1(butyrylcholinesterase).The highest contents of flavonoids((172.65±1.88)mg RE/g)and tannin((149.10±2.37)mg CAE/g)were found in the extracts from Potentilla discolor Bge and Morus alba L,respectively.The results indicated that Potentilla discolor Bge could be a potential natural source of antioxidant,and Morus alba L could be a natural source of potentα-glucosidase inhibitors.