基于分区理念下的城市热环境和规划指标耦合关系研究——以武汉市为例

Research on Coupling Relationship between Urban Thermal Environment and Planning Index Based on Zoning Concept——A Case of Wuhan

从规划层面改善城市热环境,是应对气候问题的有效方式,也是城市可持续发展的要求。热环境改善措施亟须构建可靠的热环境研究框架并提出规划指标的量化调控建议。在理论层面,文章结合气候学方法和规划分区概念,提出基于多要素的城市热环境分区理念;依据指标与地表温度的耦合关系,在分区框架下的局部尺度内,提出改善热环境状况的指标量化调整建议。在实证层面,以武汉市为案例的研究表明,利用城市地表温度、用地性质和人口密度等要素,可以在规划层面建立热环境研究的分区框架,且规划指标容积率、建筑密度、建筑聚合程度、绿地率和水体覆盖率与地表温度存在规律性的耦合关系;基于分区理念框架和规律性耦合关系,可以提出热环境优化建议。由此可见,基于气候学与规划学多学科融合的分区理念架构和量化调控方法,是探索利用规划手段从"适应"层面主动应对城市气候挑战的可行路径。

Optimizing the urban thermal environment from the planning level is an effective way to deal with urban microclimate problems and is also a requirement for urban sustainable development.Thermal environmental improvement measures urgently need to develop reliable frameworks for thermal environmental research and quantitative regulatory recommendations for planning indicators.From the theoretical level,combined with the climatology method and the concept of planning division,the concept of urban thermal environment zone based on multi-factor is proposed.According to the coupling relationship between planning index and surface temperature,quantitative recommendations of the thermal environment optimization are proposed to relieve heat island in the local scale under the zoning framework.From the empirical level,the case study of Wuhan shows that it is reasonable to use surface temperature,land use and population density to classify the urban thermal environment.It could be used as standards and framework for studying the thermal environment problem at the planning level.It has been proved that there is regular coupling relationship between the plot ratio,building density,building aggregation degree,green space rate,water body coverage and surface temperature.Optimization suggestions can be proposed based on the zoning framework and coupling relationship.So the division concept framework and quantitative control method based on the multidisciplinary integration of climatology and planning are feasible ways to solve the urban microclimate problem by planning means.