溯源中国式造神:偶像与非偶像

On the Origin of God-Making with Chinese-Style: Idols and Non-Idols

文章用四重证据法研究中国式造神运动的源流,提示偶像崇拜与非偶像崇拜并行是华夏祭祀礼仪传统的重要特色;以祖灵、城隍、土地、五瘟神等崇拜现象为案例,说明华夏传统祭祖拜神的两种方式。这可以追溯到距今四五千年前发生的玉礼器造型传统,落实到玉人像和玉柄形器两类器形:玉人像为祖像、神像之源;柄形器为牌位、灵位之源。

By using the quadruple evidence method to study the origin of god-making movement with Chi-nese-style, this article suggests that idol worship and non-idol worship are important features of Chinese sacrifi-cial etiquette tradition. Taking the worship of ancestor spirits, city gods, land, and gods of five plagues as exam-ples, the article shows that the two traditional ways of worshipping ancestors in China can be traced back to the tra-dition of jade ritual models that occurred four or five thousand years ago. These models include human-shaped jadestatues as the source of ancestral and god statues, and handle-shaped jade instruments as the source of memorial tab-lets and spiritual positions.