东京审判期间日本官民的应对

Japanese Government and Public Response during the Tokyo Trial

东京审判期间,日本政府为避免盟国的严罚,曾构想了自主审判和免予天皇被诉及派遣律师参审的应对,但前者遭到占领当局拒绝,后两者所发挥的作用也极为有限。日本民间因所知历史真相甚少和对侵略战争认识不足,加上基于美国战略意图的审理政策的偏差,故从开始就对审判抱有肯否对立的认识评价,这个审判二元观既是日本政府在旧金山讲和时采取既接受审判结果又对其加以相对化立场的思想基础,也不失为之后该国保守势力不断鼓吹审判否定论的精神原点。

During the Tokyo Trial,the Japanese government proposed the following responses to avoid severe punishment from the anti-fascist alliance:independent trial,emperor’s exemption from the prosecution,and sending lawyers to the trial.However,the independent trial was refused by the occupation authorities,and the latter two options have limited influence.Due to little knowledge of the historical truth and the war of aggression,and dissatisfaction with American trial policy deviation based on its political needs,Japanese civilians have a dual evaluation of the trial:either positive or negative.As the ideological basis for the Japanese government to accept the trial results and take the opposite position when negotiating peace in San Francisco,this dual view of trial is also the spiritual source for the Japanese conservative forces to deny the trial.