研发外包对我国制药企业创新绩效的影响:激励还是抑制

The impact of R&D outsourcing on innovation performance of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises:incentives or inhibitions

在中国,研发外包是企业参与外部创新网络的重要方式。本文以2007-2013年深沪A股的医药制造业上市公司为样本,以设立外部研发中心、研发合作、企业并购3种形式作为研发外包的3个维度变量,以R&D产出和R&D强度作为企业创新绩效的表征变量进行实证研究。结果表明在基于R&D产出视角的企业创新绩效研究中,设立外部研发中心和企业并购形式的研发外包可以显著提升企业的创新绩效,研发合作可以提升企业创新绩效,但未通过显著性检验;在基于R&D强度视角的企业创新绩效研究中,设立企业外部研发中心可以显著提升企业创新绩效,但企业并购却显著降低了企业创新绩效。研发合作对企业创新绩效的正向作用未通过显著性检验。作为控制变量的政府研发补助和企业规模均可以显著提升企业创新绩效。研究结论表明研发外包是提升企业创新绩效、实现转型升级的有效路径。

For Chinese enterprise,R&D outsourcing is an important way to participate in the innovative network.This paper has taken an empirical research,and external R&D center,R&D cooperation and corporate mergers have been set up as the three dimensional variables of R&D outsourcing,R&D output and R&D intensity have been selected as indictors of innovation performance conducts.Based on data analysis of Chinese pharmaceutical companies listing in Shanghai and Shenzhen A Stock Markets during 2007-2013,the result shows that in the R&D output perspective,building up external R&D center and R&D outsourcing by merges can significantly improve the innovation performance of those enterprises.R&D cooperation has positive influence,but not pass the significance test.In the R&D intensity perspective,external R&D center significantly improves the innovation performance,but merge is an inhibiting factor,there is no distinct positive relation between R&D cooperation and innovation performance.Furthermore,as control variables,R&D grants from governments and enterprise scale can significantly improve innovation performance.The empirical results show that R&D outsourcing is an effective way to improve innovation performance and achieve the transformation and upgrading of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.