商业生态系统研究述评与展望

Literature Review and Research Future of Business Ecosystem

生态系统是近十年理论与实践领域最热门的话题,推动了战略、创新与创业等众多学科借鉴该视角解释各自领域内的研究议题。也正是由于生态系统在实践领域仍处于飞速发展与转型过程,已有研究对其理论内涵、类型化特征乃至情境因素都存在明显的认知不足。作为生态系统领域的一个重要分支,具有独特理论属性的商业生态系统逐渐引起我国学者特别是创业研究者的重视并积极开展理论探索。本文在阐述商业生态系统研究发展脉络基础上,采用内容分析的方法,梳理并总结了截至2019年发表于国际顶级学术刊物的128篇相关研究文献,评述了商业生态系统研究已经取得的进展。在此基础上分析了不同理论视角下商业生态系统研究的核心要素与理论逻辑,通过与国外前沿研究的比较,讨论了在中国情境下开展研究的相关建议。本文研究目的着眼于推动国内学者从这一前沿研究领域中获得启发,加速与国际前沿研究的接轨。

Ecosystem has become a hot topic in management theory and practice in the past ten years.It has promoted in many disciplines,such as strategy,innovation,and entrepreneurship,to explain some research topics in different fields from this perspective.It is also because the practice of ecosystem is still in the phase of rapid development and transformation,the existing studies have obvious cognitive deficiencies in and research progress,including theoretical connotation,typological characteristics,and even situational factors.As an important branch of ecosystem,business ecosystem with unique theoretical attributes has gradually attracted the attention of Chinese scholars,especially whose research interest focus on entrepreneurs and innovation,to actively carry out theoretical explorations.On the basis of elaborating the development of business ecosystem research,this paper summarizes 128 relevant research papers published in international top academic journals till 2019 by using content analysis method,reviews the progress of business ecosystem research,which is helpful to identify the concept and research focus differences between business ecosystem,innovation ecosystem and platform ecosystem;and then analyses the core elements and theoretical logic of business ecosystem research from different theoretical perspectives,especially finds the value structure analysis perspective of business ecosystem.From the perspective of value structure,this paper extends the detailed analysis of the two roles who access to the business ecosystem,including the complementor who highlights the characteristics of the matching relationship and the incumbent enterprises who emphasize the recognition of the value proposition.This paper focuses on the research of two types of roles,interprets the business ecosystem from the perspective of value structure,shapes the theoretical explanation of the formation of the business ecosystem,and extracts the core elements of“value proposition-action-actor”.Finally,through comparing with foreign frontier research,the relevant research gives suggestions for how to carry out business ecosystem research in Chinese context and contribute to existing western theory.The purpose of this study is to inspire and accelerate our domestic research in this frontier field.