青少年抑郁影响因素分析

Adolescent depression influencing factors analysis

目的调查12~16岁在校青少年抑郁状态,并分析其影响因素。方法2018年3—6月,采用整群、分层、随机相结合的方法,抽取镇江市12所学校12~16岁的学生4268名,采用一般情况调查表、Achenhach儿童行为量表(CBCL)进行抑郁因子测评,采用Logistic回归分析调查青少年抑郁的影响因素。结果共发放问卷4268份,回收有效问卷3544份。12~16岁在校生3544名,抑郁因子检出214名,总检出率为6.04%(214/3544),其中男生检出率为5.14%(87/1691),女生检出率为6.85%(127/1853),男女生检出率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.550,P=0.032)。不同性别、学习情况、家庭教养方式、父母关系、与家人关系、与周围人关系以及父母期望的青少年抑郁检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,学习情况、家庭教养方式、父母关系、与家人的关系、与周围人的关系、父母对子女的期望是青少年抑郁的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论学习情况、与周围人关系不和以及与家人关系不和是造成青少年抑郁的重要原因。

Objective To investigate the depression status of adolescents of 12 to 16 years old at school and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods From March to June 2018,3544 students of 12 to 16 years old from 12 schools in Zhenjiang were selected according to the method of clustering,stratification and random selection.The General Condition Questionnaire and Achenhach's Child Behavior Check1ist(CBCL)were used to evaluate depression factors.Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of adolescent depression.Results A total of 4268 questionnaires were distributed,and 3544 valid questionnaires were recovered.This study included 3544 students aged 12 to 16 from 12 primary and middle schools in Zhenjiang,among whom 214 were diagnosed with depressive factors,with a total detection rate of 6.04%(214/3544),among them,the detection rate of boys was 5.14%(87/1691),and the detection rate of girls was 6.85%(127/1853),the different was statistically significant(χ^2=4.550,P=0.032).There were statistically significant among adolescents with different genders,learning situations,family upbringing methods,parental relationships,family relationships,relationships with other people and parental expectations(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that learning condition,family parenting style,relationship between parents,relationship with family members,relationship with people around them and parents'expectation of children were the influencing factors of adolescent depression(P<0.05).Conclusions Learning conditions,disharmony with people around them and disharmony with family members are important causes of adolescent depression.