论杜甫诗学思考的遣兴性质及其特点

On the Entertaining Function of Du Fu’s Poems and Their Features

杜甫有大量内容丰富以"遣兴"为题的作品,突出体现了杜甫突破初盛唐较多吟咏山水林泉之"兴",将之扩展到日常生活中一切引发他创作的诗兴。"遣兴"诗题强调了创作对诗人情绪的排遣作用,杜甫在穷愁的漂泊生活中越来越清晰地认识到创作活动对他的意义,他的诗学思考及以诗论诗的形式正是在这个过程中产生的,并成为他"诗兴"的一种。以论诗来遣兴促使杜甫准确认识历代诗人的诗风特点和价值,成为诗歌史上的不刊之论。同时,杜甫又在缘情体物的创作中不断地砥砺诗艺,特别关注艺术实践中的具体问题。他的诗学思考正因此与史书的文学传论、诗人的集序这类形式有较为明显的不同。

There is a large amount of works in Du Fu’s poems taking entertainment as their themes,which embodies Du Fu’s breakthrough of expanding the range of entertainment objects from natural landscapes that were often seen in the early and high Tang Dynasty,to all trivial things that may spark his poetic interests in daily life.At the same time,the entertaining function of poetry stresses its role for the poet as a distraction from his bad mood.In Du Fu’s impoverished and wandering life,he has become more aware of the significance of his creation to him.It was also in this process that his poetic thinking and theory of“poems on poetry”were shaped and became one of the sources of his creation.Using“poems on poetry”as a way of entertainment enables Du Fu to accurately understand the characteristics and values of poets’various styles,leading him to make momentous conclusions about them.When Du Fu pays a great attention to his surroundings,he also constantly polishes poetic skills through focusing on specific problems in the practice of art.His poetic thinking is therefore quite different from the that of literary biography in historical books or the preface of collections of poets.