大气污染与儿科门急诊呼吸系统疾病相关性研究

Correlation between Air Quality and Daily Outpatient Visits for Pediatric Respiratory Diseases

目的探讨庆阳市大气污染浓度水平与儿科门急诊呼吸系统疾病日就诊人次的相关性。方法收集2016年11月1日—2017年10月30日庆阳市空气质量监测数据及同期庆阳市人民医院儿科门急诊呼吸系统疾病就诊病例,比较采暖期(2016年11月—2017年3月)和非采暖期(2017年4月—2017年10月)儿科门急诊呼吸系统疾病日就诊人次数和大气污染浓度水平,采用Spearman秩相关和逐步多元线性回归法分析采暖期和非采暖期大气污染物对儿童呼吸系统疾病日就诊人次的影响。结果采暖期儿科呼吸系统疾病日就诊人次数及大气污染各项指标均高于非采暖期(P<0.05)。全年PM2.5、PM10日均浓度低于《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)二级标准限值,SO2、NO2日均浓度低于《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)一级标准限值,统计学分析显示儿童呼吸系统疾病与PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和O3日均浓度具有相关性(P<0.05),但其相关性水平在采暖期与非采暖期分布不同。结论庆阳市大气污染物各指标浓度低于《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级标准限值,采暖期大气污染物浓度高于非采暖期,且采暖期儿科呼吸系统疾病与大气污染物浓度水平相关系数高于非采暖期,提示大气污染物浓度升高会增加儿童罹患呼吸系统疾病的危险性。

Objective To investigate the correlation between concentrations of atmospheric pollutants and daily outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory diseases in Qingyang,Gansu province.Methods The air quality monitoring data of Qingyang from November 1,2016 to October 30,2017 and the daily outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory diseases in Qingyang People’s Hospital during the same period were collected.Heating period(November 2016 to March 2017)and non-heating period(April to October 2017)were compared in terms of daily outpatient visits and concentrations of atmospheric pollutants.Spearman correlation analysis and stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis were used to investigate the influence of atmospheric pollutants on pediatric respiratory diseases in heating and non-heating periods.Results Both the daily outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory diseases and the concentrations of various atmospheric pollutants in the heating period were significantly higher than those in the non-heating period(both P<0.05).All the year round,daily concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were lower than the Ambient Air Quality Grade II Standard,daily concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were lower than the Ambient Air Quality Grade I Standard.Pediatric respiratory diseases were correlated with daily mean concentrations of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,and O3 by the Spearsman correlation analysis(P<0.05),but to different degrees in the heating and non-heating periods.Conclusion The concentrations of air pollutants measured were lower than the Ambient Air Quality Grade II Standard,in Qingyang,and higher in heating period than non-heating period.The increased daily outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory diseases in the heating period suggests that the increased concentrations of atmospheric pollutants can increase the risk of respiratory diseases in children.