京津冀区域居民雾霾天气环境与健康素养状况调查评估

A Survey of Environmental Health Literacy About the Hazy Weather Among Residents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

目的了解京津冀地区居民在雾霾天气的环境与健康素养状况,为今后的环境与健康素养宣教提供参考,为政府部门制定环境与健康政策提供依据。方法通过新媒体微信公众平台发布《重污染天气居民环境与健康素养状况调查问卷》,面向北京、天津和河北3个省(市)开展重污染天气公众知信行调查。结果共收回有效问卷1317份,其中6.76%的被调查者问卷评分超过70分,不同文化程度居民的环境与健康素养水平的差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=16.01,P<0.05);能够全部答对雾霾防护基础知识问题的只有7人,占总调查人数的0.53%(7/1317);完全答对雾霾防护基础信念问题的有81人,占总调查人数的6.15%(81/1317);有229人在雾霾天气时能够有效采取防护措施,占总调查人数的17.39%(229/1317)。被调查人群防护基本信念的掌握情况与采取有效的防护行为相关性显著(rs=0.124)。结论3个省(市)居民在雾霾天气的整体环境与健康素养尚需进一步加强,特别要针对重点人群开展有效的健康教育活动,进一步提高居民的健康素养水平。

Objective To investigate the environmental health literacy about the hazy weather among residents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,to provide a reference for future promotion and education of environmental health,and to provide a basis for the government to formulate environmental health policy.Methods We distributed the Questionnaire on Residents’Environmental Health literacy about heavy pollution weather on the WeChat public platform to investigate the knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding heavy pollution weather in residents of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Results A total of 1317 valid questionnaires were collected,and 6.76%respondents scored more than 70 points.There was a significant difference in environmental health literacy level between residents with different education levels(χ^2=16.01,P<0.05).Only 0.53%(7/1317)of the total respondents correctly answered all the questions about the basic knowledge of haze protection;6.15%(81/1317)correctly answered all the questions about basic attitudes towards haze protection;17.39%(229/1317)could take effective measures to protect themselves from the hazy weather.The basic attitude was significantly associated with the occurrence of effective protective behaviors(r=0.124).Conclusion Residents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region show poor environmental health literacy about the hazy weather.It is necessary to carry out effective promotion and education of environmental health,especially among the key population,so as to improve their environmental health literacy.