金属-二氧化碳电池的发展:机理及关键材料

Progress for Metal-CO2 Batteries: Mechanism and Advanced Materials

金属-二氧化碳(Me-CO2)电池结合了先进储能和有效固定CO2的双重特性,被视为下一代能源转换和储存以及CO2捕获和利用器件的潜在候选者。然而,目前Me-CO2电池面临如倍率性能差、高极化率、CO2转换效率低、循环寿命短等一系列的挑战。为了便于了解Me-CO2电池的最新研究并促进其发展,本文系统地总结、比较和讨论了基于金属(锂、钠、铝、锌、钾)阳极的Me-CO2电池的发展,包括电池放电/充电机制、阴极材料/电催化剂、电解质、金属电极等,着重阐明了电极和电解质等功能材料对电极反应稳定性和速率的影响,展望了合理构建电池材料的前景和方向,为Me-CO2电池的发展提供指导。

Metal-carbon dioxide(Me-CO2)batteries can not only fix carbon dioxide effectively,but also serve as clean energy storage devices,which are considered as potential candidates for the next generation of energy conversion and storage,as well as carbon dioxide capture and utilization.However,due to the slow electrochemical reaction of the cathode,the instability of the electrolyte,and the difficult reversible conversion of the discharge product,the current Me-CO2 batteries are impeded by low capacity and rate capability,high polarizability,low energy conversion efficiency,and short cycle life.In this paper,we provide insights on the current main research progress of Me-CO2 batteries based on metal(lithium,sodium,aluminum,zinc,potassium)anodes,including discharge/charging mechanism,CO2 electrode and electrocatalysts,electrolyte materials and metal electrodes,etc.Considerable emphasis is placed on the effects of function material on the stability and rate of electrode reaction.In addition,the prospects and directions for the rational construction of materials are prospected to improve the electrochemical performance of Me-CO2 batteries and provide guidance for the development of Me-CO2 batteries.