林果树动力学特性研究及进展

Research and progress on dynamic characteristics of forest fruit trees

随着林果机械化采收技术的广泛应用,动力学建模和动力学试验分析逐渐成为研究林果树动力学特性的有效方式。文中指出目前林果树动力学建模主要分为基于等效模型和基于有限元模型这两大类,详细分析梁件模型、弹簧—集中质量模型、杆件模型等比较有代表性等效模型的优缺点和应用对象;重点介绍基于有限元的仿真软件及模块;综述林果树动力学试验的激励方式、研究对象和试验结果;提出研究不同质量分布对林果树动力学特性的影响,构建具有二级分枝及以上更细化的果树动力学模型,提高重建果树三维枝干模型的完整度和精准度,研发适用于我国矮化密植模式的一机多用采收机械,明确激振参数与挂果枝以及果实响应之间的关系等建议。

With the wide application of the mechanized harvesting technology for forest fruits,kinetic modeling and kinetic test analysis gradually become the effective way to study kinetic characteristics of forest fruit trees.This paper pointed out that at present,the kinetic modeling of forest fruit tree was mainly divided into two categories based on the equivalent model and the finite element model.The advantages,disadvantages and application object of the representative equivalent model such as beam model,spring-concentrated mass model and rod model were analyzed in detail.The simulation software and modules based on the finite element were mainly introduced.This paper reviewed the vibration method,research objects and experimental results of the kinetic test.It was proposed to study the influence of different mass distributions on the dynamic characteristics of forest and fruit trees,construct a more refined fruit tree dynamic model with secondary branches and above,improve the integrity and accuracy of the reconstructed three-dimensional branch model of fruit trees,manufacture the multi-purpose harvesting machine suitable for dwarfing and dense planting in China,clarify the relationship between the excitation parameters and the fruit branches and the fruit response.