全球尺度水文模型:机遇、挑战与展望

A review of global hydrological models:the opportunities,challenges and outlook

水循环发生在全球尺度,局地和流域水问题的解决也往往需要全球视角,因此全球尺度水文模型应运而生。从科学意义和国家需求等多个视角,论述了全球水文学研究的意义和巨大的发展潜力,系统总结了现有全球尺度水文模型发展现状,剖析了十余个主流全球尺度水文模型的结构和功能,以及全球水文-气象-地理信息等全球模型所需数据集。进而分析了现有全球尺度水文模型存在的主要问题和挑战,为进一步完善模型提供参考。最终分别从模型机理、大数据、新技术、多部门模型耦合等几个方面,探讨了全球尺度水文模型未来发展的重要方向。

The water cycle occurs on a global scale,and solutions to local and watershed water problems also often require a global perspective.Therefore,global hydrological models(GHMs)are emerging and fast-growing as a separate research field in the last two decades.In this review paper,we discuss the research significance and great potential of global hydrological modelling and observation,systematically summarize the status of the existing global hydrological models,analyze the main shortcomings and challenges of existing global hydrological models,in order to further improve the models,outlook the trend and momentum of global hydrological model development,in terms of model mechanism,big data,new technology,and the coupling of multi-sectoral models.