二次正交旋转组合设计优化桂糖42号栽培因子

Cultivation Factors Optimized by Quadratic Orthogonal Rotation Combination Design of Sugarcane Variety GT42

【目的】优化桂糖42号甘蔗的种植密度和施肥水平,明确其高产综合配套栽培模式,为该品种在生产上进一步推广种植提供参考依据。【方法】采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计,建立产量与下种量、氮磷钾施肥量和行距的二次多项式回归模型,分析桂糖42号的高产优化方案。【结果】以设计编码和桂糖42号甘蔗产量建立二次多项式回归模型得到的回归方程拟合较好,说明该回归方程可较好地反映产量与栽培因子间的关系。试验因子效应分析结果表明,种植行距和下种量对桂糖42号产量贡献较大,其次是氮肥和钾肥水平,磷肥水平的贡献较小;在试验设计的水平范围内,甘蔗产量随种植行距的增大而降低,在低水平时随下种量和施肥量的增加而提高,在高水平时随下种量和施肥量的增加而降低。边际效应及栽培方案优化分析结果表明,以90.00 t/hm^2为目标产量的桂糖42号优化栽培方案为:下种量120525~122025芽/hm^2,施用氮肥364.0~380.0 kg/hm^2、磷肥164.0~179.0 kg/hm^2、钾肥244.0~256.0 kg/hm^2,种植行距0.8~0.9 m;获得最佳经济效益时对应的优化方案为:下种量112500芽/hm^2,施用氮肥360.0 kg/hm^2、磷肥180.0 kg/hm^2、钾肥270.0 kg/hm^2,种植行距1.2 m。【结论】在中等土壤肥力条件下,桂糖42号在下种量112500芽/hm^2、种植行距1.2 m及氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别为360.0、180.0和270.0 kg/hm^2时可获得较佳的经济效益。

【Objective】The planting density and fertilizer application level of sugarcane variety GT42 have been optimized in this research,in order to identify the variety planting model with high yield and high sugar,and provide a reference for the variety popularization.【Method】The cane yield optimization scheme of variety GT42 was analyzed by establishing quadratic polynomial regression model between yield and sowing norm,the amount of nitrogen,phosphates and potash fertilizers applied,planting row spacing with applying a five factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotation grouping equation experiment.【Result】The quadratic polynomial regression equation which established by the relation between the cane yield and designing code was with high fit degree,indicating the equation could reflect the relation between yield and cultivation factors.The factorial experiment analysis results indicated that the planting row spacing and sowing norm had the greatest impact on the cane yield of GT42,then following the nitrogen and potash applied amount.However,the phosphates applied amount taking less impact on cane yield.The cane yield was decreased when increasing the planting row spacing.However,the cane yield was increased following the increasing sowing norm and fertilizer applied amount under the low level,and vice versa in the experiment.The optimized scheme with yield higher than 90.00 t/hm^2 was sowing 120525-122025 buds/hm^2 with row space 0.8-0.9 m,and applied nitrogen,phosphates and potash fertilizers with 364.0-380.0,164.0-179.0,244.0-256.0 kg/hm^2 separately.The optimized scheme with the best economic benefit was sowing 112500 buds/hm^2 with space 1.2 m,and applied nitrogen,phosphates and potash with 360,180 and 270 kg/hm^2 separately.【Conclusion】Planted in moderate-fertility soil with row space 1.2 m and 112500 buds/hm^2,and applied nitrogen,phosphates and potash with 360.0,180.0,270.0 kg/hm^2 separately,GT42 can produce higher yield and better benefit.