施氮量对高密春玉米籽粒关键酶及产量品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Grain Yield and Quality and Key Enzyme Metabolism of Spring Maize Under High Density

【目的】探究玉米在高种植密度下,不同施氮量对春玉米籽粒关键酶活性及产量品质的影响。【方法】试验于2016-2017年在东北农业大学试验基地进行,以东农253为材料,种植密度为90 000株·hm^-2,设4个不同氮肥水平(0、195、279和362 kg·hm^-2,分别记为0-N、70-N、100-N和130-N)。【结果】不同施氮量籽粒中ADPG、SSS和GBSS酶活性2年均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,各时期均表现为100-N处理下酶活性最高。玉米籽粒中粗淀粉、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量及籽粒产量同样表现为100-N处理下含量最高,其中玉米籽粒产量100-N处理与其他处理差异达显著水平。【结论】在黑龙江地区90 000株·hm^-2超高密度种植下,施氮量279 kg·hm^-2能有效促进籽粒中关键代谢酶活性、提高籽粒品质从而提高了籽粒产量。

【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on enzyme metabolic activity and yield and quality of spring maize grain under 90 000 plant·hm^-2 super-high planting density.【Method】The experiment was carried out at the experimental base of Northeast Agricultural University.Dongnong 253 was used as material.Four treatments were set up(0,195,279 and 362 kg·hm^-2,designated as 0-N,70-N,100-N and 130-N,respectively),with a density of 90 000 plants per hectare.【Result】The activities of ADPG,SSS and GBSS increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application,and reached the highest level under 100-N treatment.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the crude starch,crude fat and crude protein content in maize grains increased first and then decreased,all of which were the highest under 100-N treatment.The yield of 100-N treatment reached 11 047.68 kg·hm^-2,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments.【Conclusion】100-N application could effectively promote the activity of key metabolic enzymes,improve grain quality and increase yield under super-high-density planting in Heilongjiang Province.The study provided theoretical and experimental basis for increasing density,reducing nitrogen and improving quality and yield in maize planting in Heilongjiang Province.