光合细菌与硅肥对油菜及土壤环境的影响

Effects of Photosynthetic Bacteria and Silicon Fertilizer on Rape and Soil Environment

【目的】本文探讨了光合菌剂和微量元素配施在油菜土壤改良和油菜病害防治中的作用。【方法】以四川的油菜主栽品种——川油36号为实验材料,通过研究光合菌剂和硅肥不同施用方法(单独施用/配合施用)对油菜土壤养分、土壤酶活及油菜根肿病发生率的影响,并采用Illumina高通量测序研究施用后油菜根际土壤细菌群落变化,结合油菜经济性状及产量,分析光合细菌与硅肥在改善油菜土壤微生态环境、提高油菜抗根肿病中的作用。【结果】3种处理(光合细菌、硅肥、光合细菌与硅肥共同施用)能够不同程度的改善土壤肥力、增加了土壤酶活性,提高了油菜的30角果粒数、千粒重和小区实测产量,抑制油菜根肿病的发生。光合细菌显著提高了油菜千粒重、小区实测产量,且根肿病发病率最低,相较于空白处理降低了20.75%。此外,光合细菌的施入提高了土壤固氮菌、根际植物促生菌的种群数量和比例,对油菜根际微生态环境有良好的改善效果。【结论】本研究结果为光合菌剂和硅肥在油菜健身栽培与绿色生产中的应用提供了理论依据。

【Objective】The objective of this study was to explore the effects of photosynthetic bacteria and trace elements in the improvement of rapeseed soil and the control of rapeseed diseases.【Method】Sichuan rapeseed main variety(Chuanyou 36) was used in field experiment,the oil soil nutrient,soil enzyme activity and rape clubroot incidence rate were studied by different application methods of photosynthetic bacteria and silicon fertilizer(individual application/co-administration),and the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed were analyzed by Illumina high throughput sequencing technology,combined with the economic traits and yield of rapeseed,this experiment mainly analyzed the role of photosynthetic bacteria and silicon fertilizer in improving the micro-ecological environment of rapeseed and enhancing the anti-root disease of rapeseed.【Result】The three treatments of photosynthetic bacteria,silicon fertilizer,photosynthetic bacteria and silicon fertilizer together could improve soil fertility,increase soil enzyme activity and the number of 30-fruit fruit,1000-grain weight and measured yield of rapeseed in different degrees and inhibit the occurrence of rape clubroot.Photosynthetic bacteria significantly increased the 1000-grain weight and the yield of rape,and the incidence of rape club root was the lowest,which was 20.75 % lower than that of blank treatment.In addition,photosynthetic bacteria increased the population and proportion of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria and rhizospheric bacteria and improved the rhizospheric microecological environment of rapeseed.【Conclusion】This study would provide a theoretical basis for the application of photosynthetic bacteria and silicon fertilizer in rapeseed health cultivation and green production.