优化施肥技术对普洱现代茶园茶叶产量、养分含量及累积量的影响

Effects of Optimized Fertilization Technology on Tea Yield,Nutrient Content and Cumulative Quantity in Pu’er Modern Tea Garden

【目的】研究优化施肥技术对普洱现代茶园茶叶品质的影响,为现代茶园茶叶产量和产值增加以及为大叶种养分茶吸收提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以茶树良种"云抗14号"为供试材料,设置处理1(不施肥,CK)、处理2(常规施肥)和2个施用相同肥料总量,不同施肥方式的处理3(配方肥)和处理4(优化配方肥)进行小区试验。【结果】处理4茶树新梢氮、磷、钾的累积量均显著高于其他处理,茶树新梢磷、钾的含量均显著高于其他处理;处理4的氮肥农学效率为9.58 kg/kg,磷肥农学效率为22.99 kg/kg,钾肥农学效率为28.74 kg/kg,氮肥偏生产力为23.14 kg/kg,磷肥偏生产力为55.54 kg/kg,钾肥偏生产力为69.42 kg/kg;处理4的百芽重分别较处理2和处理3提高12.74%和2.06%,发芽密度分别提高10.84%和1.14%,鲜叶产量分别提高15.71%和3.98%,产值分别增加28 135和3224元/hm^2。【结论】在大田实验中,优化施肥技术能明显提升普洱现代茶园茶叶产量、产值以及养分吸收量,建议在普洱现代茶园茶叶生产中推广优化施肥技术。

【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for the increase of yield and output value of tea and the nutrient absorption of big-leaf tea species in modern tea garden,this paper studied the effects of optimized fertilization technology on the quality of tea in modern tea garden of Pu’er.【Method】In this paper,‘Yunkang14’,an excellent tea variety,was used as the test material,and the plot experiment was carried out with treatment 1(no fertilization,CK),treatment 2(conventional fertilization),and treatment 3(Formula fertilization) and treatment 4(Optimized formula fertilization).The treatment 3 and treatment 4 had the same amount of fertilizer applied,but different fertilization methods.【Result】The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the new shoots of tea tree in treatment 4 were significantly higher than those in other treatments.The contents of phosphorus and potassium in tea shoots were significantly higher than other treatments;the agronomic efficiency of treatment 4 was 9.58 kg/kg for nitrogen fertilizer,22.99 kg/kg for phosphate fertilizer and 28.74 kg/kg for potash fertilizer,respectively,and their partial productivity was 23.14,55.54 and 69.42 kg/kg respectively.Compared with treatment 2 and treatment 3,the 100-bud weight of treatment 4 increased by 12.74 % and 2.06 %,the germination density increased by 10.84 % and 1.14 %,the fresh leaf yield increased by 15.71 % and 3.98 %,and the output value increased by 28 135 and 3224 yuan/hm^2,respectively.【Conclusion】In the field experiment,the optimized fertilization technology can significantly improve the tea yield,output value and nutrient uptake of Pu’er modern tea garden.It is suggested to promote the optimized fertilization technology in Pu’er modern tea garden tea production.