黄海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的空间格局

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF MACROBENTHOS FEEDING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN THE YELLOW SEA

本研究根据2000年10月、2001年3月、2003年6月、2004年1月、2011年4月和8月黄海大型底栖动物调查资料(仅2011年4月和8月航次测定水体和沉积物环境数据)对黄海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的空间格局及其与环境因子的相互关系进行研究。结果表明,黄海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群相对丰度较高的为肉食者、食底泥者和滤食者。黄海大型底栖动物食底泥者和肉食者相对丰度高值出现在2011年8月航次,分别为44.88%和39.04%。黄海大型底栖动物空间分布以黄海冷水团区域为参照,黄海大型底栖动物肉食者主要分布在黄海冷水团边缘靠近海州湾东侧。食底泥者主要分布在黄海近岸及黄海冷水团边缘。滤食者主要分布在黄海冷水团中央区域。运用摄食多样性指数(J′FD)对黄海水域生态质量和底栖群落健康状况进行评价,结果表明,黄海近岸海域生态质量状况较低。对2011年4月和8月航次黄海大型底栖动物功能群与环境因子进行冗余分析,结果表明,底层水温度、盐度、水深和中值粒径是影响黄海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因素。

Based on macrobenthos data collected in October 2000,March 2001,June 2003,January 2004,and April and August 2011 in the Yellow Sea,the feeding functional groups were analyzed(the measurement of water and sediment environmental data in April and August 2011 only).Macrobenthic organisms were assigned to six distinct trophic groups(herbivores,deposit-feeders,filter-feeders,carnivores,detritus-feeders,omnivores)and the feeding diversity and ecosystem health of the research area were estimated using the Pielou’s evenness index.The dominance of feeding groups was related to environmental variables using multivariate ordination techniques(Redundancy Analysis).Results show that deposit-feeders and carnivores were most abundant functional groups.Relatively high abundance of deposit-feeders and carnivores in the Yellow Sea appeared in the August 2011,44.88%and 39.04%respectively.The spatial distribution of trophic groups of macrobenthos in the Yellow Sea was based on the cold water mass of the Yellow Sea.The carnivores of macrobenthos in the Yellow Sea were mainly distributed on the edge of the cold water mass of the Yellow Sea near the east of Haizhou Bay.Deposit-feeders were mainly distributed near the shores of the Yellow Sea and on the edge of the cold water mass of the Yellow Sea.Filter feeders were mainly distributed in the central region of the cold water mass of the Yellow Sea.Assuming that a healthy environment is characterized by all feeding groups,with a clear dominance of deposit-feeders and carnivores,the feeding diversity index would be expected to be maximal when the evenness feeding diversity index is nearly one.Most of the stations in the research area exhibited good or high feeding diversity,corresponding to a healthy ecological state,while the excepting of stations in the coastal waters showed low feeding diversity values.A multivariate analysis(RDA;using the trophic composition)showed the macrobenthos functional groups response to environmental variables in the Yellow Sea in April and August 2011.Result of indicated that the bottom water salinity,temperature,and the median particle size of sediment were significant impactors of community trophic structure variance(P<0.05).