基于风险管控刑事政策的刑罚机制之展开

Development of Penalty Mechanism Based on Criminal Policy of Risk Control and Management

刑法通常在犯罪论层面,通过引入抽象法益与危险犯以及扩张犯罪圈的机制满足风险治理需求,但是受限于入罪标准明确性与稳定性的要求而作用有限。刑法司法解释对风险管控的作用机制体现出通过刑罚满足风险治理需求的必要价值。风险社会背景下,风险管控从刑事政策领域贯彻至刑罚领域形成了刑罚学新叙事,在风险控制与替代的双层体系下能够通过风险话语有效涵盖传统惩罚与矫治的刑罚功能。风险管控刑事政策的性质决定了刑罚机制的具体展开,受管理主义性质所决定形成了基于风险控制目标的即时预防机制,受修复主义所决定形成了基于风险替代目标的秩序恢复机制,受效益主义所决定形成了精算司法机制。但是刑罚风险管控机制仍然需要在遵循刑法基本原则与保障权利的基础上展开。

legal interests,crimes of danger and the expansion of the criminal circle to meet the needs of risk governance at the level of criminal theory,but it is limited by the requirements of the clarity and stability of the criminalization standards.The functional mechanism of judicial interpretation of criminal law on risk management and control reflects the necessary value of the penalty mechanism in meeting the needs of risk governance.In the context of the risk society,a new narrative of penal science is formed from the implementation of risk management in the field of criminal policy to the field of punishments.Under the system of risk control and substitution,it can effectively cover the traditional punishment and correction functions through risk discourse.The nature of the criminal policy of risk control determines the specific development of the punishment mechanism.The nature of managerialism determines the formation of the immediate prevention mechanism based on the risk control objective.The restoration of order based on the risk substitution objective is determined by the nature of restorationism.The nature of utilitarianism has formed an actuarial judicial mechanism.However the penalty risk management and control mechanism still need to be based on the basic principles of criminal law.