走出网络不当竞争行为规制的双重困境

Getting out of Double Predicament of Regulation of Online Unfair Competition Behavior

网络经营者运用互联网技术作出的新型不当竞争行为,是维护网络竞争秩序、增进消费者福利必须予以规制的重要对象。2017年修订的《反不正当竞争法》增加的网络条款,以明示立法的方式将实践中出现的主要网络不当竞争行为纳入到该法中进行规制。这种规制策略一方面将一些网络垄断行为视为不正当竞争行为进行规制,继而架空了反垄断规制;另一方面又将一些正当的经营行为判定为不当行为,导致规制宽泛化困境,干扰了市场自由竞争。究其原因,《反垄断法》中滥用市场支配地位制度无法及时识别和规制网络竞争过程中的垄断行为,导致了网络不当竞争行为被放置在网络条款之下进行规制;与此同时,网络条款立法的空洞化和实施的侵权法化使行为正当性的判断过于宽泛。走出前述双重困境,一方面需要立法者以市场力量的分析为指引,对滥用市场支配地位制度进行拓补,及时识别与规制网络竞争中的垄断行为;另一方面则要求规制者限缩适用网络条款,以避免对自由竞争的过度干预。

The new types of unfair competition behaviors made by network operators with internet technology is an important object that must be regulated to maintain the order of network competition and improve consumer welfare.In 2017,the network clauses added by revised"Anti-Unfair Competition Law"included the main network improper competition behaviors in practice into the law for regulation in the form of explicit legislation.This regulatory strategy on the one hand treats some network monopolies as unfair competition and regulates them,overruling anti-monopoly regulations;on the other hand,it also judges some legitimate business actions as improper,resulting in a widening dilemma of regulation and disrupting free market competition.The reason is that the abuse of market dominance in the Anti-Monopoly Law fails to identify and regulate the monopolistic behavior in the process of online competition timely,resulting in unfair competition in the network being placed under the terms of the network for regulation;at the same time,the hollowing of the network clause legislation and the tort of the regulation make the judgment of the legitimacy of behavior too broad.To get out of the aforementioned double predicament,on the one hand,the legislator should take the analysis of market power as a guide to supplement the system of abusing the dominant position in the market,and timely identify and regulate the monopoly in network competition.On the other hand,it requires regulators to restrict the application of network terms to avoid excessive interference in free competition.