新型海洋微波辐射计遥感原理与发展

Principle and development of new microwave radiometer to obvserve ocean

全极化综合孔径辐射计(full polarization interferometric radiometer)结合了干涉式综合孔径成像技术与全极化信息获取技术,是一种高分辨率、低功耗且可观测多种海洋物理信息的新型微波辐射计。文章分别介绍了全极化和综合孔径微波辐射计的发展历程,阐明了全极化模式和综合孔径技术应用于海洋信息获取的必要性与原理。以目前在轨运行的WindSat和MIRAS的优点与不足为例,论述了多功能微波辐射计和多载荷微波遥感卫星平台在海洋观测方面的优势,从需求与应用的角度指出多微波遥感器协同开展海洋观测的必要性与难点,为我国自主研制的海洋盐度观测卫星立项工作提供依据。

Full polarization interferometric radiometer, which can image from interferometric synthetic aperture and get full polarization information, is the new type of microwave radiometer that can measure various physical information of ocean with high resolution and low consumption. By introducing the development of full polarization and synthetic aperture respectively, we expound on the necessity and principle of full polarization and synthetic aperture to aquire ocean information. Taking the advantages and disadvantages of WindSat and MIRAS as an example, we have discussed the advantages of multi-functional microwave radiometer and multi-load microwave sensors satellite to observe ocean. Moreover, to develop our satellite observation of ocean salinity, the necessity and the difficulity of collaborations of full polarization interferometric radiometer are pointed out for the application of multiple microwave remote sensing.