湿法超微粉碎程度对白蕉鲈鱼鱼骨架浆理化性质及内含成分的影响

Effects of Degree of Wet Superfine Grinding on Physicochemical Properties and Component Contents of Skeleton Pulp of Lateolabrax japonicus

以白蕉鲈鱼鱼骨架为研究对象,分析湿法超微粉碎程度对白蕉鲈鱼鱼骨架浆理化性质、内含成分、微观结构和感官品质的影响。实验采用pH计、紫外分光光度计、色度仪、质构仪、激光粒径分析仪分析鱼骨架浆的基本理化性质,氨基酸自动分析仪测定氨基酸的种类和含量,扫描电镜观察其微观结构。结果显示:经过湿法超微粉碎之后,大于100目的样品粒径主要分布在50~100μm,而小于等于100目的样品主要分布在100~300μm。随着粉碎程度的增加,鱼骨架浆的pH值、紫外吸光度、白度、堆密度逐步增加,凝胶强度则呈现先增加后减少的趋势。当粉碎程度从20目增大到180目以上,钙溶出量从151.23 mg/kg增长到270.06 mg/kg,胶原蛋白的含量由0.01%增长到0.04%,游离氨基酸的含量从181.07 ng/μL增长到462.70 ng/μL,盐溶性蛋白含量从6.95 mg/g增长到16.12 mg/g,水溶性蛋白含量从2.15 mg/g增长到7.13 mg/g。扫描电镜结果显示:大于100目的样品颗粒较为平整均一,而小于等于100目的样品可以明显看到鱼刺。挥发性盐基氮的含量符合国家有关标准。综合感官评价认为,100目以上的鱼骨架浆可作为鱼粉、鱼丸等产品配料,而100目及以下的鱼骨架浆只适合添加到汤料包、酱料等原料颗粒大的产品之中。

In this study,the physicochemical properties,component contents,microstructure and sensory qualities of the skeleton pulp of Lateolabrax japonicus obtained from different degrees of wet superfine grinding were analyzed.The physicochemical properties of fish skeleton pulp were measured using pH meter,ultraviolet spectrophotometer,colorimeter,texture analyzer,and laser particle size analyzer.Automatic amino acid analyzer was employed to detect the varieties and contents of amino acids.The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope.The results showed that,the particle sizes of samples larger than 100 mesh size were almost ranged from 50 to 100μm,while the particle sizes of samples less than or equal to 100 mesh size were mainly distributed between 100 and 300μm after wet superfine grinding at different degrees.In addition,pH value,ultraviolet absorbance,whiteness and bulk density were increased gradually with the increasing degree of wet superfine grinding.While the gel strength was first increased and then decreased.When the grinding degree increased from 20 mesh to more than 180 mesh,the content of calcium dissolution was increased from 151.23 mg/kg to 270.06 mg/kg,the collagen content was also slowly increased from 0.01%to 0.04%,the total content of amino acids was increased from 181.07 ng/μL to 462.70 ng/μL,the content of salt-soluble protein was increased from 6.95 mg/g to 16.12 mg/g,and the content of water-soluble protein was gradually increased from 2.15 mg/g to 7.13 mg/g.Furthermore,the scanning electron microscopy results revealed that samples with particles larger than 100 mesh were relatively smooth and uniform,while fish bones could be obviously observed in samples smaller than or equal to 100 mesh.The content of volatile basic nitrogen was in accordance with the relevant national standards.Combined with sensory evaluation,fish skeleton pulp above 100 mesh could be used as ingredients for fish powder,fish balls and other products,while fish skeleton pulp of less than or equal to 100 mesh might only be suitable for adding to products with large raw materials particle size such as soup packets,sauces and so on.