明清戏曲小说评点的叙事理论建构

The Construction of Narrative Theory in the Ming-Qing Commentary on Dramas and Novels

明清戏曲小说评点虽然存在零散、缺乏系统性的缺陷,但由于紧附于作品文本,围绕作品的叙事特征而展开批评,因而蕴含着丰富的叙事理论内容。就其理论建构而言,一是“通作者之意”——对叙事意图的分析和阐发,二是“从无讨有,从空挨实”——对叙事虚实问题的理论探讨和思考,三是“传神写照”——对人物形象塑造的批评和理论总结,四是对“情节”“结构”“文法”等叙事方法的提炼。这些叙事理论根生于中国古代的叙事作品,有别于西方的叙事学,体现了中国古代叙事理论的自我特色。

Although there are defects in the Ming-Qing commentary on dramas and novels,such as the fragmentary nature,or the lack of systematicness,it contains rich narrative theories because it is closely attached to the original texts of the works and focuses on their narrative characteristics.Its theoretical construction includes the following.The first is"understanding the author's intent"-analyzing and elucidating the narrative intention.The second is"seeking being from nothingness,approaching reality from emptiness"-theoretical discussion and contemplation on the realist and the fictional in the narration.The third is"vivid portrayal"-theoretical criticism and summary on the characterization.The fourth is the refinement of narrative arts such as plot,structure,grammar and etc.