1957—2016年关于“体育健身”研究的时间段划分与研究热点探骊

Study on the Phased Evolution and Hotspots of Sports Fitness Research from the Middle of the 20th Century to 2016 the time division

为中国学者研究与"体育健身"相关的问题提供理论参考。运用文献计量学方法和内容分析法,梳理了1957—2016年有关"体育健身"方面的论文和图书,并将该时间段的"体育健身"方面的研究按照时间逻辑划分为3个阶段:"从属与萌芽期""确立与初探期"及"发展与繁盛期"。1957—2016年这一时间段的"体育健身"方面的研究遵循了从少到多、从简到繁、由表及里的规律。随着体育学研究对相关学科研究方法的运用,以及与社会学、医学、生理学、统计学和生物学等学科的融合,"体育健身"方面的研究体现出理论多元化的特点。研究热点主要围绕体育健身的行为机制、心理机制、功能与作用展开多角度研究,阐释了"如何形成体育健身行为""如何科学评价身体运动功能""体育健身有何作用"3大问题,包括3个研究方向(体育测量、运动干预、体育健身的作用)、6个热点问题(体育测量工具的研制、运动处方、体育健身计划、认知发展、情感获益、身体自尊)。这些研究热点与医学、心理学、生理学和社会学等学科相关,体现了1957—2016年这一时间段中关于"体育健身"研究的主题。建议:研究"体育健身"问题要综合运用社会学、心理学相关理论和方法,从某一视角深入地、系统性地进行研究。同时,要加强关于"体育健身"的实验研究。

It provides enlightenment for the Chinese researchers of topics on physical fitness. Using the research methods of bibliometrics and content analysis, this paper reviews the international research papers and books on physical fitness from 1950 s to 2016, and divides the research into three stages according to the time logic:"subordinate and germination", "establishment and initial-exploration", and "development and prosperity".The research during 1957-2016 follows the law of development from less to more, from simplicity to complexity,and from the form and inside. Research on physical fitness was moving in a diversified and systematic direction that accompanied by the establishment and criticism of new theories, new ideas, and the complex ascension process of reflection and sublimation, and the infiltration and integration of sciences such as philosophy,sociology, medicine, physiology, statistics and biology. Multi-field and multi-perspective researches are carried out mainly on the research hotspots of behavior mechanism, psychology mechanism and function and role of sports fitness, and it explained the three core issues of how to form sports fitness behavior, how to scientifically assess the sports fitness function, and what are the positive effects of sports fitness, focusing on the three fields of the functions of sports measurement, sports intervention and sports fitness, covering the six aspects such as development of sports measurement tools, exercise prescription, sports fitness planning, cognitive development,emotional benefit and physical self-esteem. These research hotspots are related to the theories and methods of medicine, brain science, psychology, physiology and sociology, which reflect the characteristics of the international sports fitness research field during 1957-2016. Suggestions: the research on topics of physical fitness in China should synthetically use the theories and methods of sociology and psychology, and carry out a series of in-depth research from a certain theoretical perspective. At the same time, we should strengthen the experimental studies on"physical fitness".