西藏主要饲料粮调查及养分测定分析

Investigation and nutrient determination of main feed grains in Tibet

研究旨在通过调研西藏自治区主要粮食产量,准确测定主要饲料粮食(青稞与小麦)中养分含量及相关性,提升西藏自治区饲料粮食的利用水平。以2013~2018年《西藏统计年鉴》为对象,统计主要饲料粮食产量。采集不同地区(林芝市、山南市与日喀则市)的青稞与小麦,测定其水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、淀粉、酸性洗涤纤维与中性洗涤纤维含量。将不同养分含量进行Pearson相关性分析,并与中国饲料数据库中中国饲料成分及营养价值表相关数据进行比较。结果表明,在西藏自治区范围内,日喀则市粮食总产量最高,青稞是总产量最高的粮食。不同地区青稞和小麦的养分含量各不相同,养分含量间具有显著或极显著的相关性,其中无氮浸出物、淀粉含量与其他多种养分含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。与中国饲料数据库相比,西藏自治区青稞与小麦中水分、粗蛋白质与粗脂肪含量显著偏低(P<0.05),而碳水化合物含量显著偏高(P<0.05)。

The study was to investigate the yield of main feed grain in Tibet,measure the nutrient content of the main feed grain and conduct correlation analysis of nutrient content,in order to improve the utilization of the feed grain.The statistical yearbook of Tibet from 2013 to 2018 was taken as the object to calculate the output of the grain.Highland barley and wheat in different areas(Linzhi city,Shannan city and Xigatse city)were collected,and the content of moisture,crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,crude ash,nitrogen free extract,starch,acid washing fiber and neutral washing fiber in highland barley and wheat were determined.Pearson correlation analysis was carried out for different nutrient contents.The nutrients content were compared with the relevant data in feed composition and nutritive values in China in Chinese feed database.The results showed that the grain output of Xigatse was the highest,and highland barley had the highest output of the gain.The nutrients content of highland barley and wheat varied from region to region.There was a certain correlation between the nutrients content of feed grain,among which the nitrogen free extract and starch content had a very significant negative correlation with others(P<0.01).Compared with the Chinese feed database,the content of water,crude protein and crude fat in Tibetan highland barley and wheat were significant lower(P<0.05),while the content of carbohydrate were significant higher(P<0.05).