经济犯罪视域下的刑法保护前置化及其限度

The Forward Shifting of Criminal Law Protection and Its Restriction fromthe Perspective of Economic Crime

为了更好实现法益保护的规范目的,刑法保护前置化在经济刑法中受到前所未有的重视。考察其内部构造,“重心前提”和“防线前移”是其双轮驱动。前者将集体法益作为个人法益保护的前阶,实现了“法益的普遍化”;后者将可罚性前置到法益抽象危险阶段,反映出“危险的抽象化”。刑法保护前置化因应了经济风险管理的现实诉求,同时又兼顾了经济犯罪的法定犯和经济性特性,故得以在经济刑法中大放异彩。但其也可能因违背刑法谦抑性等基本原则,造成刑法治理在经济领域的过度介入,成为妨碍经济自由和经济发展的不利因素。为此,需从集体法益的具体化和抽象危险的限定化角度入手,使得其在经济刑法中的适用不至过于泛滥。

The forward shifting of criminal law protection plays an important role in economic criminal law for the purpose of providing better legal interest protection.There are two ways in which criminal law protection can be shifted forward.One is to take collective legal interest as the precondition of personal interest,which means expanding the scope of legal interest.The other way is to punish pure abstract dangerous behaviors so as to reflect the substance of abstracted endangerment.The forward shifting of criminal law protection has become increasingly important in economic criminal law because of the requirements of economic risk management and the characters of economic crime.The forward shifting of criminal law protection can hamper economic development and freedom as well,because it may breach the restraining criminal law principles and criminal law may become excessive intervention in the economy.Therefore,we should restrain its application in economic criminal law by concretizing collective legal interest and restricting the crimes of abstract endangerment.