2006-2018年河南省漯河市蛴螬优势种变化及其与秋作物种植面积的关系

Changes of the dominant species of grubs and their relation to autumn crop planting areas in Luohe City,Henan Province,2006—2018

为绿色防控蛴螬,于2006-2018年秋作物收获后、小麦播种前,调查河南省漯河市5个区县不同茬口秋作物田内金龟子幼虫种类、虫口密度以及主要秋作物种植面积,同时在漯河市农业科学院试验基地内设置1台黑光灯,监测金龟子成虫的上灯种类和数量。结果表明,2006-2018年,铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta幼虫平均密度由2006年的2.06头/m2下降到2018年的1.01头/m2,所占比例从2006年的94.12%下降到2018年的38.37%;暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela幼虫平均密度由2006年的0.06头/m2上升到2018年的1.59头/m2,所占比例从2006年的2.61%增加到2018年的60.46%,表明金龟子幼虫优势种由铜绿丽金龟变为暗黑鳃金龟。灯下金龟子成虫种类和数量变化与金龟子幼虫变化趋势相同。暗黑鳃金龟幼虫密度与玉米种植面积、红薯种植面积呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.657和-0.690,暗黑鳃金龟幼虫密度与大豆种植面积、花生种植面积呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.753和0.657,表明大豆、花生种植面积增加,玉米、红薯种植面积减少,是暗黑鳃金龟成为优势种的主要原因。

In order to safely control grubs, the dominant species and densities of grubs in soil and the planting areas of different autumn crops were investigated in five districts or counties of Luohe City,Henan Province between harvest of autumn crops and sowing of wheat from 2006 to 2018. The species and number of scarab adults trapped by blacklight were monitored in Luohe Agricultural Experimental Farm. The results showed that the density of Anomala corpulenta grubs and its percentage in total grubs decreased from 2.06 heads/m2 and 94.12% in 2006 to 1.01 heads/m2 and 38.37% in 2018, respectively,while those of Holotrichia parallela grubs increased from 0.06 heads/m2 and 2.61% in 2006 to 1.59 heads/m2 and 60.46% in 2018, respectively, indicating that H. parallela became a local dominant species. The species and numbers of scarabs trapped by blacklight exhibited the same change as those of grubs. The change of H. parallela grub density had a significant negative correlation with that of corn and sweet potato planting areas and a significant positive correlation with that of bean and peanut planting area, with a correlation coefficient of-0.657,-0.690, 0.753 and 0.657, respectively, suggesting that simultaneously increasing bean and peanut and reducing corn and sweet potato planting areas caused the rise of H. parallela grub density.