大麦条纹病菌致病性分析及抗性种质精细鉴定

Analysis of the pathogenicity of Pyrenophora graminea isolates and precision identification of barley resistant germplasms

为探明大麦条纹病菌Pyrenophora graminea的致病性差异,鉴定筛选抗病大麦种质材料,将15株大麦条纹病菌菌株通过三明治法种子幼芽接种至5个鉴别品种,分析菌株的致病性分化情况;通过在田间孢子喷雾穗部接种和三明治法种子幼芽接种对145个田间种植表现抗病品种进行抗条纹病精细鉴定。结果显示,15株菌株对5个鉴别品种致病性有一定差异,可划分为9个致病类型,其中致病类型Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ为优势致病类型,每个致病类型菌株数均占总菌株数的20.0%,其它致病类型的菌株均占总菌株数的6.7%;致病类型Ⅰ菌株致病力最强,对5个鉴别品种表现高感。孢子悬浮液喷雾接种田间试验结果显示,90个大麦品种表现为抗病,占总数的62.1%,其中表现免疫的品种12个、高抗品种26个、中抗品种52个,分别占总数的8.3%、17.9%、35.9%。种子幼芽接种温室条件下发病鉴定结果显示,90个抗病品种接种致病类型ⅢP05菌株,对其表现抗病的品种有28个,占供试品种总数的31.1%,表现免疫的品种10个、高抗品种7个、中抗品种11个,分别占供试品种总数的11.1%、7.8%、12.2%;接种致病类型ⅠP01菌株,对其表现抗病的品种14个,占总数的15.6%,其中表现免疫的品种4个、中抗品种10个,分别占总数的4.4%和11.1%。说明强毒性菌株P01可作为大麦条纹病抗性鉴定接种的常用菌株。

In order to determine the pathogenic variability of Pyrenophora graminea from China and screen barley varieties for resistance to leaf stripe, 15 isolates of P. graminea were investigated for their virulence against five barley varieties by inoculating seed budlets using the sandwich method. The resistance to leaf stripe in 145 barley varieties was farther identified using spike inoculation with the pathogen spore suspension and seed budlet inoculation using the sandwich method. The isolates were found to exhibit virulence variation to particular barley varieties and grouped into nine pathogenic types.Pathogenic types Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were predominant and the number of isolates included in these pathogenic types was 20.0% for each isolate. The number of isolates included in the other pathogenic types was 6.7% for each isolate. The pathogenic type Ⅰ was the best virulent type, which was susceptible to five differential varieties. The field test results using spike inoculation with the pathogen spore suspension showed that 90 of 145 varieties(62.1%) were resistant to leaf stripe, including 12(8.3%) immune varieties,26(17.9%) highly resistant ones and 52(35.9%) moderately resistant ones. The greenhouse test results showed that, using seed budlet inoculation and sandwich method, 28(31.1%) of the 90 determined varieties were resistant to P05 of pathogenic type Ⅲ, including ten(11.1%) immune ones, seven(7.8%)highly resistant ones and 11(12.2%) moderately resistant ones;14(15.6%) of the 90 varieties were resistant to P01 of pathogenic type Ⅰ, including four(4.4%) immune ones and ten(11.1%) moderately resistant ones. The highly virulent isolate P01 could be used to identify barley resistance to leaf stripe as a useful P. graminea isolate.