液体超滑技术发展现状及展望

Development and prospects of liquid superlubricity

随着我国现代工业的飞速发展,人类发展所必需的能量消耗与日渐匮乏且不可再生资源之间的矛盾日趋严重,其中不必要的摩擦造成的能量损耗约占我国国民生产总值的4.5%。超滑作为摩擦学的一个重要领域,自提出以来吸引着众多研究人员的密切关注与研究。这是因为超滑技术不仅可以提高润滑效率,还能够降低能量损耗并显著提高能源利用率,从而达到节约能源和资源的目的。因此,对超滑现象的产生规律和机理的深入研究,对进一步丰富和完善摩擦学体系有重要的理论意义,同时对超滑系统在工程中的应用有重要的实用价值。该文回顾近年来新型液体材料的超滑特性,并归纳各类液体润滑材料实现超滑的机理。最后,对当前超滑研究中的优劣势做出总结并提出展望。

The rapid industrial development in China is requiring more energy consumption based on non-renewable energy resources. The energy consumption caused by unnecessary friction accounts for about 4.5% of the GDP in China. Many researchers in tribology are investigating superlubricity applications to reduce friction in machinery. Superlubricity improves the lubrication efficiency which reduces the energy consumption and considerably increases the energy utilization rate. This study reviews superlubricity characteristics and mechanisms for lubrication applications. The characteristics of recently developed liquids are reviewed with descriptions of the liquid superlubricity mechanism. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the current research on superlubricity are summarized.