外泌体在癌症诊治中的应用及其分离技术进展

Application of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and Progress in Exosome Isolation Techniques

随着精准医学的发展,通过分子诊断来指导患者的个体化诊治已逐渐成为临床专家的共识。液体活检作为一种简单快捷、非侵入性、可重复性强的病理检测手段,在癌症的早期诊断、监测、预后及指导用药方面具有重要意义。外泌体作为液体活检中最具潜力的检测对象之一,被发现参与多种癌症的发生、发展、预后等过程,同时,外泌体也被认为是癌症治疗和药物运输的强有力工具。全文针对近年来外泌体在癌症诊治中的应用及其分离技术进展进行综述。

With the development of precision medicine,molecular diagnosis has been widely used to guide individual diagnosis and treatment of patients. Liquid biopsy as a simple,rapid,non-invasive and reproducible method,has great potential in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Exosomes present in various biofluid,are related to the occurrence,development and prognosis of various cancers,which become a promising candidate indicators for liquid biopsy. Also,exosomes are shown to be a powerful tool for drug delivery in cancer treatment. This review focuses on the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the recent progress of exosome isolation techniques.