基于Matlab的PID控制算法仿真

Simulation of PID Control Algorithm Based on Matlab

在控制过程中,按偏差的比例(P)、积分(I)和微分(D)进行控制的PID控制器(亦称PID调节器)是发展最早的控制算法之一。该算法出现于20世纪30、40年代,它原理简单,易于实现,控制参数相对独立;而且对于控制的典型对象-"一阶滞后+纯滞后"与"二阶滞后+纯滞后"的控制系统,PID控制器的一种最优的。它的参数整定方式简便,结构改变灵活,有比例调节、比例积分调节以及比例积分加微分调节。然而,随着控制过程日益复杂,控制要求不断提高,很多产品的生产过程要求不允许超过设定值,例如在葡萄酒的酿制过程中,任何一种原料的一点点超标都会影响葡萄酒的整体口味,因此生产过程中的无超调控制是非常重要的。传统的Z-N经验公式使一些系统总存在超调量,该文在Z-N经验公式的基础上提出了一种无超调PID控制算法。

In the control process,the PID controller(also known as PID regulator) controlled by the proportion of deviation(P),integral(I) and differential(D) is one of the earliest control algorithms.The algorithm appeared in1930 s and 1940 s,its principle is simple,easy to implement,control parameters are relatively independent,and for the typical objects of control-"first-order lag pure lag" and "second-order lag pure lag" control system,PID controller is optimal.Its parameter setting mode is simple,the structure change is flexible,there are proportional adjustment,proportional integral adjustment and proportional integral plus differential adjustment.However,with the increasing complexity of the control process and the increasing control requirements,the production process requirements of many products are not allowed to exceed the set value.For example,in the wine brewing process,a little exceeding the standard of any kind of raw materials will affect the overall taste of wine,so no overshoot control in the production process is very important.The traditional Z-N empirical formula makes some systems always have overshoot.In this paper,a non-overshoot PID control algorithm is proposed on the basis of Z-N empirical formula.