朱熹《诗经》阐释的诗学意义

The Poetic Significance of Zhu Xi’s Interpretation of The Book of Songs

朱熹的《诗经》阐释兼会经学、理学、文学,以“义理”和“得性情之正”为前提,其所引发的诗学问题对中国古代诗学理论产生了影响。它的具体表现在“淫诗”说客观上意识到《诗经》中男女恋情诗的存在,在“淫诗”说背景下对孔子“思无邪”的重新阐释,有助于《诗经》阐释中读者主体地位的形成;以《诗》说《诗》,重视《诗》的“熟读涵詠”和“兴”的体验方式,丰富了《诗经》文本的文学内涵,也突出了诗歌涵养人心、提升人的精神境界的作用;《诗经》“六义”的辨识和以“文势”论《诗》,体现出“自觉”的文体意识,影响到后世诗学“辨体”思想的形成。

Zhu Xi’s interpretation of The Book of Songs is based on the premise of yili and integrity of temperament.The poetical problems caused by it are of great significance to the theoretical construction of ancient Chinese poetics.It is embodied in several aspects below.First,the theory of erotic poems objectively means the existence of love poems between men and women in the Book of Songs,and the reinterpretation of thinking without evil of Confucius is helpful to the formation of the reader's main position in the interpretation of The Book of Songs.Second,poetry by poetry,it pays attention to the experience mode of stir and familiar reading and chanting,enriches the literary connotation of the text of The Book of Songs,and highlights the role of poetry in the cultivation of people's hearts and the promotion of people's spiritual realm.Third,the identification of six principles in The Book of Songs and the Wen Shi On Poetry,it embodies the consciousness of style,which affects the formation of the thought of distinguishing style in later poetics.